When talking about Language functions, we refer to the use that the issuer or speaker gives to the tongue. The objectives and purposes that are pursued when speaking will be those that will determine the predominant function among the six existing ones and, therefore, a certain type of concrete language is used. In this way, in OneHowTo we explain in detail what are the functions of language.
Referential function
One of the main functions of language is the referential, which in turn is also known as explanatory, representative or informative. This type of language is used to transmit information objectively, it is one of the most obvious language functions in most texts.
Example: Unemployment levels are down 5% this month.
Expressive function
In those cases in which we use language to express feelings, emotions, moods, desires, etc. the function we find is the expressive or emotional. This is directly associated with the subjectivity of the speaker or issuer.
Example: Today I feel better than ever.
Conative function
If the sender wants to attract the attention of the receiver and / or provoke a reaction in him, he must use the conative or appellative function of language. We can say that it is the command or question function, so the imperative modes and the interrogation will generally be used.
Example: Take this book to Maria and thank her.
Phatic function
Known as phatic or contact, this function is used to start, interrupt or end a conversation, as well as to check if there is contact between sender and receiver. Good examples are the formulas for greeting or saying goodbye.
Example: Hello, do you hear me right?
Poetic function
Another function of language is poetic or aesthetic, used to focus on the message itself, adorning it with figures of speech to highlight its beauty. We find it especially in literary texts although it can also occur in more everyday texts, such as sayings.
Example: Who does love you, will make you cry.
Metalinguistic function
The last answer to what are the functions of language is: metalinguistic function, the one that serves to speak one’s own language. The definitions of words or clarifications about the language would serve as an example.
Example: Boring is written with be.
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