Meanwhile, revolutionary movements began to gain strength, their passionate father was always involved in them. The situation became complicated to the point where shots were fired at the Carducci family home, as a result of the intensification of the conflict between Michele Carducci and the more conservative part of the Bolgheri population; the event forced them to transfer to the nearby town of Castagneto where they stayed for almost a year. On April 28, 1849, the Carducci arrived in Florence. There Giosué He attended the Instituto degli Scolopi and met his future wife Elvira Menicucci.
On November 11, 1853, the future poet entered the Normal School of Pisa. He did not meet all the entrance requirements, but a statement from his teacher was determined, who guaranteed: “… has a fine intelligence and rich imagination, is cultured in many aspects of knowledge and stands out, even among the best. Well by nature he always behaved like a young Christian and civilly educated“. Giosué he took his exams brilliantly developing the subject “Dante and his century“and approved the admission. In the same year he established, together with three fellow students, the group of”Pedantic friends“, committed to defending classicism against the Manzonians. After his BA with honors, he taught rhetoric at the San Miniato al Tedesco secondary school.
In 1857, the year he composed the “Rhyme of San Miniato“whose success was almost nil, except for a quote in a contemporary Guerrazzi magazine. On November 4 his brother Dante was killed, opening his chest with his father’s razor-sharp scalpel, apparently motivated by being tired of family reproaches, especially On the part of the father, who had become intolerant and harsh towards his children.The following year, however, the poet’s father died.
After a year of mourning, the poet finally married Elvira. Later, after the birth of his daughters Beatriz and Laura, he moved to Bologna, a more cultured and stimulating environment, where he taught eloquence at the University. Thus began a long period of teaching (which lasted until 1904), characterized by fervent and passionate philological and critical activity. His son Dante was also born but died very young. Carducci he was very struck by his death: in June 1871, thinking of the lost son, he composed “Pianto antico“(Ancient cry).
In the 1860s, the discontent caused in him by the weakness shown on many occasions by the post-Unitarian government (the Roman question, the arrest of Garibaldi) gave rise to a pro-republican and even Jacobin attitude: that he resented even his poetic activity, at this time was characterized by a rich theme of social and political issues.
In the following years, with the change of the Italian historical reality, Carducci He went from a violent and revolutionary attitude to a much more peaceful relationship with the State and the monarchy, which finally led him to be the best guarantor of the secular spirit of the Risorgimento and of non-subversive social progress (against socialist thought). The new sympathy for the monarchy culminated in 1890 with his appointment as senator of the kingdom.
February 16, 1907 Carducci He died of cirrhosis of the liver at his home in Bologna, at the age of 72. The funeral was held on February 19 and the Carducci He was buried in the Charterhouse of Bologna, after much controversy over the place of burial.